Sources:
1 Statista: Digital Market Outlook, data extracted on 31 May 2020.
2 The World Bank’s Aggregate logistics performance index (LPI), 2018. Asian (developed and emerging) countries: 16 (Japan, Singapore, China, South
Korea, etc), Non-Asian developed countries: 34 (Germany, Sweden, Belgium, Austria, etc), non-Asian emerging countries: 4 (Chile, Panama).
3 Morgan Stanley Research: The Rise of China’s Supercities: New Era of Urbanization, P. 83.
4 www.eastspring.com/insights/emerging-opportunities-
in-southeast-asia-s-largest-logistics-market.
5 5Brookings Institute: The Unprecedented Expansion of the Global Middle Class – An Update, by Homi Kharas,
February 2017. P. 14. Middle class = households with income between USD11 and USD110 per person perday in 2011 purchasing power parity (PPP) terms.
6 Bain
& Company and facebook IQ: Understanding Southeast Asia’s Emerging Middle Class, 18 March 2019.
7 These figures illustrate coefficients and confidence intervals
from two firm-level estimations: (a) the impact of e-commerce participation on total factor productivity controlling for firms’ age, size, foreign ownership,
export status, and human capital; and (b) the impact of e-commerce participation on the share of exports in total sales controlling of firms’ age, size, foreign
ownership, and human capital. The error bars refer to the 95% confidence intervals around the estimated coefficients. For Asia, the estimated coefficients imply
that participation in e-commerce is associated with a 30% increase in total factor productivity and an increase in the share of exports to total sales by close to 2
units, corresponding to a 50% rise.
8 Learnbonds.com: Asia Accounts for over 50% of All Internet Users Worldwide, 3 April 2020.
9 Yahoo Finance: Alibaba spinoff Alipay surged past 1 billion users in 2019.
10 Rapyd: Asia Pacific eCommerce and Payments Guide, June 2020.
11 BofA
Global Research: New Retail: A secular theme across EMs: Covid to accelerate adoption, 17 June 2020. P.2.
12 China Daily: From the farm gate to your door, via
the net. 13 June 2020.
13 National Bureau of Statistics, 15 May 2020.