2023 Market Outlook

Charting sustainability pathways

Asia has a big role to play in the global transition to net zero as it accounts for almost half of the world’s greenhouse emissions. The rise in green capital expenditure to meet climate challenges will mean significant bond issuances. Asia’s innovative companies within the Electric Vehicle and renewables energy ecosystems also offer investors interesting opportunities in the race to net zero.

Asia scored a few wins during COP27 although the failure to agree on greater emission cuts or to put an end to fossil fuel use disappointed many delegates. At the climate summit, it was agreed that a fund will be set up to cover the climate-related losses and damages that “particularly vulnerable” nations experience. This could be good news for some parts of ASEAN, such as Philippines and Thailand, where severe weather events in 2022 had resulted in a significant loss of agricultural output and disruption of livelihoods. In addition, a coalition led by the US and Japan announced that it will provide USD20bn to help Indonesia shut its coal power plants and bring forward its peak emissions date by seven years to 2030.

The rise in green infrastructure

It is estimated that USD4 to 6tr per annum would be needed globally this decade and beyond to transit to a low-carbon economy. Asia has a big role to play given that it accounts for five out the world’s ten largest greenhouse gas emitters. Asia alone would probably need USD1tr per annum to help high carbon emitting sectors such as the power generation, transportation, property, agriculture, and manufacturing industries in their net zero transition. This has multiple implications for investors.

Asia’s sustainable bond market will play a pivotal role in funding sovereigns and corporates in their transitions. We expect to see more Green, Social and Sustainability bonds being issued by property companies to build and refurbish energy-efficient buildings. Power generating companies are also likely to raise funds to invest in renewable energy. Meanwhile governments and quasi-governments will seek debt financing to build low/zero carbon transportation infrastructure. Multilateral development banks as well as supranational developmental institutions can support issuances in domestic debt markets by providing guarantees and sponsorships. Meanwhile, the rise in transition capital expenditure (green capex) is extremely commodity intensive, which should benefit the Emerging Markets.

Getting to net zero

Asia is leading innovation in the Electric Vehicle (EV) battery and renewable energy ecosystems. China is a world leader in solar manufacturing and dominates the world’s EV supply chain. Indonesia is planning to build the world’s largest green industrial park in North Kalimantan (solely powered by hydropower and solar), which will house high-tech green industries that will produce solar panels, green aluminium, and lithium-ion batteries. There are also companies within Malaysia’s vibrant Automated Test Equipment and Outsourced Assembly and Test industry that are designing innovative systems and equipment to detect abnormalities in production lines. Besides saving manpower and energy, detecting defects early significantly reduces e-waste that ends up in landfills. All these present exciting opportunities for investors.

Climate challenges are also impacting companies that are not operating in zero/low carbon sectors. The energy price hikes in 2022 have led some corporates to review their future energy demands and develop plans to manage these risks. While Asia may have lagged the Developed Markets in terms of Environment, Social and Governance (ESG) policies, investment and reporting, more Asian corporates are making efforts to improve their sustainability roadmaps and policies. The number of ESG policies in Asia has doubled since 20161.

Within Asia, investors are also embracing a more balanced approach when considering ESG factors, with a move away from exclusions to greater engagement. In particular, we see room for greater engagement especially on environmental and governance issues to drive long-term value amongst Japanese corporates. According to MSCI ESG Research, only 10% of Japanese companies are rated as ESG Leaders (ESG ratings of AAA, AA), far behind European companies.

Engagement favoured over exclusion policies

charting-sustainability-pathways-fig1

Asia’s big role in carbon trading

The demand for carbon credits has increased as more companies make carbon neutral or net zero commitments. According to a McKinsey study, global carbon offset demand is set to grow 15x by 2030 and 100x by 2050. Global initiatives to drive more transparency, standardisation, and detailed verification of carbon credit projects will help develop more robust carbon markets. At COP27, the Global Carbon Trust agreed to create standardised contracts for carbon credits, embed third-party monitoring and verification of project performance, as well as provide arbitration mechanisms for projects that fail to meet targets.

Asia can play a significant role as a carbon trading hub. There have been efforts to grow Asia’s carbon offset ecosystem with the establishment of the Climate Impact X, a Singapore-based global carbon exchange and marketplace, in 2021. Hong Kong also launched a carbon trading platform in October 2022, while Malaysia has expressed similar ambitions. The regulatory environment is also becoming more favourable for growing the carbon offset market with Singapore allowing 5% of carbon tax to be met by carbon offsets.

Meanwhile, Asia’s high quality natural ecosystems mean that more than 50% of nature-based carbon offset supply (using plants, trees, soil or the ocean to remove carbon from the atmosphere) resides in Asia, potentially making Asia a key supplier of nature-based carbon offsets. The average price of carbon offsets rose by more than 50% from 2020 to 2021 with high quality nature-based credits commanding more than a 200% premium at USD8/tCO2e2. Therefore, Asian companies that are able to supply high quality offsets can benefit from offset price increases although specialised resources and knowledge will be needed to develop nature-based solutions (includes conservation, afforestation, reforestation, forest management, grasslands). Only high-quality carbon offsets can help with offsetting residual emissions that cannot be reduced and enable companies to better meet their net zero commitments. This may help to improve ESG ratings in the long term, although it is still early days.

Investment implications

charting-sustainability-pathways-fig2

Contributors:

Joanne Khew, ESG Specialist, Eastspring Singapore
Rong Ren Goh, Portfolio Manager, Fixed Income, Eastspring Singapore
Bryan Yeong, Portfolio Manager, Equities, Eastspring Singapore
Steven Gray, Portfolio Manager, Equities, Eastspring Singapore
Sundeep Bihani, Portfolio Manager, Equities, Eastspring Singapore
Samuel Hoang, Portfolio Manager, Equities, Eastspring Singapore

For Use with Professional Clients / Qualified Investors Only. Not Approved for Further Distribution or Use with the General Public.

The information and views expressed herein do not constitute an offer or solicitation to deal in shares of any securities or financial instruments and it is not intended for distribution or use by anyone or entity located in any jurisdiction where such distribution would be unlawful or prohibited. The information does not constitute investment advice or an offer to provide investment advisory or investment management service or the solicitation of an offer to provide investment advisory or investment management services in any jurisdiction in which an offer or solicitation would be unlawful under the securities laws of that jurisdiction.


Past performance and the predictions, projections, or forecasts on the economy, securities markets or the economic trends of the markets are not necessarily indicative of the future or likely performance of Eastspring Investments or any of the strategies managed by Eastspring Investments. An investment is subject to investment risks, including the possible loss of the principal amount invested. Where an investment is denominated in another currency, exchange rates may have an adverse effect on the value price or income of that investment. Furthermore, exposure to a single country market, specific portfolio composition or management techniques may potentially increase volatility.


Any securities mentioned are included for illustration purposes only. It should not be considered a recommendation to purchase or sell such securities. There is no assurance that any security discussed herein will remain in the portfolio at the time you receive this document or that security sold has not been repurchased.


The information provided herein is believed to be reliable at time of publication and based on matters as they exist as of the date of preparation of this report and not as of any future date. Eastspring Investments undertakes no (and disclaims any) obligation to update, modify or amend this document or to otherwise notify you in the event that any matter stated in the materials, or any opinion, projection, forecast or estimate set forth in the document, changes or subsequently becomes inaccurate. Eastspring Investments personnel may develop views and opinions that are not stated in the materials or that are contrary to the views and opinions stated in the materials at any time and from time to time as the result of a negative factor that comes to its attention in respect to an investment or for any other reason or for no reason. Eastspring Investments shall not and shall have no duty to notify you of any such views and opinions. This document is solely for information and does not have any regard to the specific investment objectives, financial or tax situation and the particular needs of any specific person who may receive this document.


Eastspring Investments Inc. (Eastspring US) primary activity is to provide certain marketing, sales servicing, and client support in the US on behalf of Eastspring Investment (Singapore) Limited (“Eastspring Singapore”). Eastspring Singapore is an affiliated investment management entity that is domiciled and registered under, among other regulatory bodies, the Monetary Authority of Singapore (MAS). Eastspring Singapore and Eastspring US are both registered with the US Securities and Exchange Commission as a registered investment adviser. Registration as an adviser does not imply a level of skill or training. Eastspring US seeks to identify and introduce to Eastspring Singapore potential institutional client prospects. Such prospects, once introduced, would contract directly with Eastspring Singapore for any investment management or advisory services. Additional information about Eastspring Singapore and Eastspring US is also is available on the SEC’s website at www.adviserinfo.sec. gov.


Certain information contained herein constitutes "forward-looking statements", which can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as "may", "will", "should", "expect", "anticipate", "project", "estimate", "intend", "continue" or "believe" or the negatives thereof, other variations thereof or comparable terminology. Such information is based on expectations, estimates and projections (and assumptions underlying such information) and cannot be relied upon as a guarantee of future performance. Due to various risks and uncertainties, actual events or results, or the actual performance of any fund may differ materially from those reflected or contemplated in such forward-looking statements.


Eastspring Investments companies (excluding JV companies) are ultimately wholly-owned / indirect subsidiaries / associate of Prudential plc of the United Kingdom. Eastspring Investments companies (including JV’s) and Prudential plc are not affiliated in any manner with Prudential Financial, Inc., a company whose principal place of business is in the United States of America.